The Reign Of Charlemagne

The Reign Of Charlemagne Why Was The Reign Of Charlemagne So Important In The Development Of The Early Medieval Monarchy? Charlemagne or Charles the Great was born on the 2 April 748 AD, the son of Pippin; the King of the Franks. At the time of his accession, the Frankish kingdom was already the most important power in Europe. However, that power and prestige was increased greatly by Charlemagne during his reign, in which he came to rule the vast majority of Western Europe. Charlemagnes power and prestige culminated on Christmas Day 800, when he was crowned Imperial Emperor by Pope Leo III. This act was incredibly significant as it founded the empire that would be known as the Holy Roman Empire, an empire that lasted for over a thousand years. As a result of the immense power Charlemagne had, he has been often been referred to as the ‘father of Europe. Ultimately, Charlemagne was the founding father of the French and German monarchies, a key player in the spread of Christianity throughout Western Europe, and ruled over an empire, the likes of which had not been seen since the Roman era. Charlemagne instigated various administrative reforms throughout his empire that were key in the development of the early medieval monarchy. One of Charlemagnes foremost concerns was maintaining unity within his empire. In 802, two years after his imperial coronation, Charlemagne required the entire population of the realm to swear an oath of loyalty; all people were expected to keep Gods commandments, to respect all the emperors possessions, to acknowledge his protection over the churches and the weak, especially widows and orphans, and finally to obey imperial commands. He Charlemagnes demands of loyalty were a way of exerting a manner of control and authority over a vast empire. Furthermore, the same year as Charlemagne introduced the oath of loyalty, he also set about bringing in new legislative reforms, which are seen as being key in the development of the early medieval monarchy. For the first time in history a king wrote down the laws of his kingdom. Charlemagne recorded the laws of the Frankish, Frisian, Saxon and Thuringian people. He also corrected the ‘defective laws of his people, rewriting and removing laws he deemed to be vicious and useless, and adding to them where it was needed. Certainly this was a key reform, as it enabled law to have a more central authority, and aided the spread of the knowledge of law within the empire, fundamentally, what was right and wrong. To a certain extent, he allowed for differences on law, within the provinces of his empire. However, Frankish law certainly had its influence throughout the region. Furthermore Charlemagne required that all leading members of society within each province hear their laws read al oud in their own language. Thus, aiding the implementation of law enforcement throughout the Frankish empire. Charlemagne sought a more civilised empire, founded on Christian values, and one of his key concerns was not only lowering rates of crime but also a move away from the more personalised ‘taking the law into their own hands way of dealing with criminals that had existed for hundreds of years, to a more structured system of law enforcement and criminal punishment. Charlemagne introduced legal cases and a judicial system within each district that consisted of a count passing judgement and delivering sentences. This movement was a key component of the development of early medieval monarchy, as both the French and German monarchies, after the collapse of the Frankish empire, followed this more structured judicial system, and it could be argued that Charlemagne founded the beginnings of a judicial system, the likes of which are in existence in western civilisation today. Furthermore; Charlemagne established the office of the so called reprimandary witnesses who were required to bring crimes to the attention of the court if the victims did not do so themselves Thus, Charlemagne took it upon himself to enforce justice within his empire, and by establishing these offices his aim was to see the criminal members of society reap the rewards of their actions, even if victims themselves did not desire to carry the criminals actions forwards. However, such matters are not as black and white as Charlemagne imagined them to be, and it is debatable as to what extent Charlemagne was able to fulfil his goal. Nonetheless Charlemagnes judiciary reforms were key in the development of early medieval monarchy as many monarchs sought inspiration from Charlemagnes founding judicial system basis, and they also encouraged a more civilised society in the early medieval ages. Charlemagne certainly sought to improve the administration of the empire as a whole, reforming various aspects of administration. One of his reforms related to his persistent aim of exerting a greater level of control over his empire. He established middle authorities in each region, to oversee local officials. Thus, in a sense Charlemagne inaugurated a form of local government. However, he amended this system over the years, he grew distrustful of those he had sent to oversee, as he believed them to be open to bribery. Hence, he instead chose archbishops, dukes, and abbots; generally members of high nobility, whom he did not believe to be open to bribery. It can be said that a key theme of Charlemagnes reign was justice. Charlemagne wanted it not only for himself but also for every loyal subject of his empire, as exhibited through his judiciary reforms and distaste for subjects whom used their positions for their own selfish benefits. In Einhards Vita Karoli Magni or Life of Charlemagne, Einhard states how Charlemagne also made reforms relating to the language of the Franks; ‘He began a grammar of his native language and the history of his people; ‘he had the old rude songs that celebrate the deeds and wars of the ancient kings written out for transmission to posterity. Thus Charlemagne was keen to preserve the history of the ancient kings. Furthermore; Charlemagne had an important role in determining the immediate economic future of Europe. He got rid of the gold currency and implemented a new silver currency. Additionally, Charlemagne standardised currency throughout most of Europe, abolishing many of the local currencies in existence. This monetary standard remained the basis for the currency for a long time. Hence, Charlemagne instigated economic reforms that were key to the development of the early medieval monarchy as he standardised currency throughout Europe, and implemented changes that remained in place in Europe for a very long time. The Carolingian renaissance is also believed to be a requisite to the development of the early medieval monarchy. Similar to the renaissance that occurred in the early modern period, it was characterised by the re discovery of ancient roman works, the flourishing of art and literature. Charlemagne was a very keen advocate of education, even returning to education himself, although he never learnt to write. He did however study grammar, logic and astronomy. Furthermore, some of the earliest manuscripts still in survival today are from the Carolingian era.Charlemagne also introduced the use of the classical Latin language as the language of scholarly study ‘Thus, the West saw the development of a pure language, which was used almost exclusively by the learned, and from which the romance languages grew increasingly distinct Hence, he increased the availability of education within his realm, increasing monastic schools. Therefore, Charlemagnes keenness for education was important t o the development of the early medieval monarchy as it lead to a period of greater emphasis on education, a pattern that following monarchs were keen to emulate, and ultimately led to a greater number of educated persons within western civilisation. Charlemagnes reforms influenced nearly every corner of society, including the Church. Charlemagne was an extremely pious man and sought to be the ideal embodiment of both a Christian man and King. Charlemagne asked the Pope to send him texts on church law. This Dionysio-Hadriana was used enthusiastically in the Frankish kingdom. By doing this Charlemagne encouraged future monarchs to take a more scholarly than blind approach to the Church. Charlemagne was also very interested in Church music and encouraged the spread of proper church liturgies throughout his empire, taking a personal interest in papal music, and banning melodies such as those found in Milan. Charlemagne also introduced changes to the organisation of the military service. Obligation to military service of the empire was based upon personal wealth and Charlemagne instigated reforms that would make it fair for those obliged to join the military, based on the individuals wealth. Charlemagne ordered that every tenant with three to five so-called hides (homesteads), as well as the holders of fiefs, were required to serve against the enemy. Many monarchs followed these reforms in the early medieval period. In conclusion, Charlemagne was certainly a founding father of Europe. He strove to implement justice in his empire and he instigated reforms in almost every important aspect of early medieval society. Charlemagnes reign was a period of change for Western Civilisation. However, it is foolish to assume that all these reforms were greatly successful, as not all were, for example Charlemagnes judicial reforms. However, early medieval monarchs followed Charlemagnes reforms, as they were eager to reach the level of power and prestige, which Charlemagne had possessed, Charlemagnes reign saw the emergence of Western civilisation, a civilisation that moved away in terms of religion, currency and thought from the East. Furthermore, Charlemagne made it easier for other early medieval monarchs to govern and handle their kingdoms, for example his judicial reforms made law enforcement an easier task for future monarchs, as he had recorded laws in a written form and implemented a sort of court syst em throughout his empire. Ultimately Charlemagnes reign was not only very important in the development of early medieval monarchy, but also important in the development and advancement of western civilisation. His reign has no doubt affected the world in which we live today. Bibliography Matthias Becher, Charlemagne (London 2nd Ed, 2003) Einhard, The Life of Charlemagne, translated by Samuel Epes Turner, (New York, 1880) ‘Charlemagne, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagne Matthias Becher, Charlemagne (London 2nd Ed, 2003) p. 19 Matthias Becher, Charlemagne (London 2nd Ed, 2003) p. 99 Matthias Becher, Charlemagne (London 2nd Ed, 2003) p.100 Matthias Becher, Charlemagne (London 2nd Ed, 2003) p.105 Einhard, The Life of Charlemagne, translated by Samuel Epes Turner, (New York, 1880) p.11 Matthias Becher, Charlemagne (London 2nd Ed, 2003 p.106 Matthias Becher, Charlemagne (London 2nd Ed, 2003 p.106 Matthias Becher, Charlemagne (London 2nd Ed, 2003 p.108 Matthias Becher, Charlemagne (London 2nd Ed, 2003 p.108 Einhard, The Life of Charlemagne, translated by Samuel Epes Turner, (New York, 1880) p.11 Einhard, The Life of Charlemagne, translated by Samuel Epes Turner, (New York, 1880) p.11 ‘Charlemagne, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagne [accessed 31 August 2009] Matthias Becher, Charlemagne (London 2nd Ed, 2003 p. 112 ‘Charlemagne, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlemagne [accessed 31 August 2009] Matthias Becher, Charlemagne (London 2nd Ed, 2003 p.116 Matthias Becher, Charlemagne (London 2nd Ed, 2003 p.115 Matthias Becher, Charlemagne (London 2nd Ed, 2003 p.113

Essay --

CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1. Introduction This chapter will explain chronological way to do the full research by using different research methodologies. The purpose of study will be explained by the appropriate philosophy in a right approach and the pattern of the reach will be discussed by the researcher thoroughly in this chapter. This approach will be a combination of data collection procedures using both primary and secondary sources, sampling methods, strategy of the research. Every research has some limitations and this chapter will also discuss the limitation of the study by detecting it and comparing with different approaching methods which can be used. 3.2. Data Analysis Method Qualitative and Quantitative these are the two types of approach to the any research analysis for the any data which can be used in research. The research which only uses the numbers to do the research analysis is called Quantitative Research and the research which uses the words, units of the analysis of the collection data and the visual images is Qualitative Research. Quantitative Research is also known about its tending to link with passivism but on the other side, Qualitative Research focused and worked with the association of interpretive. Moreover, the contrast between involvement and lack of involvement respectively are associated by Qualitative data and Quantitative data analysis method (Denscombe, Approach to analysis: quantitative and qualitative research, 2010). The purpose of the study is analyzing the issues of Supply Chain Management which is also known as SCM. The purpose of the study is to analyzing how Supply Chain Management works for Tesco. This study also includes direct involvement relationship between the co... ...SS. 3.9. SUMMARY In this chapter research methodology is associated with the approach of analyzing and explanation of whole research. There is other ways to conduct the research by the researcher. The way of conducting the research should be determined by the researcher in this chapter by explaining all the related logic and explanation. Supply Chain Management has a great impact on today’s success of company. It also develops the organizational performance of Tesco. The researcher follow the qualitative research method to collect the data and for analyzing these data. It includes a survey with 20 questionnaires in 100 groups of people following with 10 face to face interviews. Most of the people from this group are the employees, managers and few customers. Most of the data is collected from the primary source which makes the accuracy and analyzing strength higher. Essay -- CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1. Introduction This chapter will explain chronological way to do the full research by using different research methodologies. The purpose of study will be explained by the appropriate philosophy in a right approach and the pattern of the reach will be discussed by the researcher thoroughly in this chapter. This approach will be a combination of data collection procedures using both primary and secondary sources, sampling methods, strategy of the research. Every research has some limitations and this chapter will also discuss the limitation of the study by detecting it and comparing with different approaching methods which can be used. 3.2. Data Analysis Method Qualitative and Quantitative these are the two types of approach to the any research analysis for the any data which can be used in research. The research which only uses the numbers to do the research analysis is called Quantitative Research and the research which uses the words, units of the analysis of the collection data and the visual images is Qualitative Research. Quantitative Research is also known about its tending to link with passivism but on the other side, Qualitative Research focused and worked with the association of interpretive. Moreover, the contrast between involvement and lack of involvement respectively are associated by Qualitative data and Quantitative data analysis method (Denscombe, Approach to analysis: quantitative and qualitative research, 2010). The purpose of the study is analyzing the issues of Supply Chain Management which is also known as SCM. The purpose of the study is to analyzing how Supply Chain Management works for Tesco. This study also includes direct involvement relationship between the co... ...SS. 3.9. SUMMARY In this chapter research methodology is associated with the approach of analyzing and explanation of whole research. There is other ways to conduct the research by the researcher. The way of conducting the research should be determined by the researcher in this chapter by explaining all the related logic and explanation. Supply Chain Management has a great impact on today’s success of company. It also develops the organizational performance of Tesco. The researcher follow the qualitative research method to collect the data and for analyzing these data. It includes a survey with 20 questionnaires in 100 groups of people following with 10 face to face interviews. Most of the people from this group are the employees, managers and few customers. Most of the data is collected from the primary source which makes the accuracy and analyzing strength higher.

Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation Essay

Brief on the Organization Costco is among the leading global retailers which provide customers a wide range of merchandise, ranging from small to well-known brands. The company began operations in 1983. Over the years, Costco has been a retailer in low cost membership-only leader, in warehouse club of merchandise. Moreover, Costco does not offer frills warehouse business models as its competitors do. Costco’s major competitors are BJ’s Wholesale Club and Sam Club (Costco, 2010). Applying the tools presented in this SSP, Costco provides a detailed analysis for transforming business operations relative to industry rivals. This is done in order to create profits and attain maximum shareholder’s value. A close examination of Costco’s Value chain suggests that the company uses a utilitarian approach, which maximizes the benefits for all stakeholders. The Concept of Value Chain and Information Technology Impact Nowadays, competitive advantage mainly derives itself through information technology in business models. Therefore, such supportive activities as information systems, R&D or general management are usually the most important source of differentiation advantage. Technology innovations continue to shape Costco’s value chain. Through information technology, Costco obtains strategic significance by changing the way companies operate. The most important concept is the value chain an organization has entrenched itself in; incorporating communication increases cooperation which leads to the productivity process of connecting groups that create activities toward a value system. Costco usage of the smartphone applications is only used to make personal judgments and predict purchases. Costco utilizes social media platforms to enhance online shopping. The company continues to offer online shopping to its members. However, custom er’s privacy is at risk using the smartphone data, and the corporation acknowledges this problem to their members (Costco, 2010). In addition to this threat, smartphones diminish the use of cash. Organization’s Value Chain Analysis Value Chain analysis evaluates each step business goes through from inception to finality. The goal is to maximize the value for the total cost. Costco’s mission is to provide their members with quality goods and services at the  lowest possible prices. The company’s mission, values and strategies suggest Costco uses a broad enterprise strategy which fits in the societal framework. To ensure employee motivation, Costco offers them a unique banquet of benefits. This include; paying health benefits for them, 50% higher wage, employee retention of over 90 percent, and maintaining employees even during recession periods (Costco, 2010). The Company’s strength is its primary value chains which split into two distinct functions: Demand fulfilment and Demand generation. Demand fulfilment includes input logistics, operations, and output logistics. Demand generation involves sales, marketing, and service department which breaks down into sub-tiers. Costco’s support activities include HRM, technology development, firm infrastructure and procurement. Costco’s weaknesses are difficult to pinpoint; one weakness is persistent low operating profit margins. Bigger profits can occur by not paying employee benefits and with demanding higher returns from their suppliers. The problem would be at what cost? Costco receives cost advantages from value adding major (brand items) activities. However, it continues to experience a challenge from Sam Club and BJ’s Warehouse, also have a membership fee to shop for great deals (Mascarenhas, 2004). Linkages and Value System Mr. Porter introduced the generic value chain model in 1985. Value chain represents all the internal activities a firm engages in to produce goods and services. VC is formed primarily of activities that add value to the final product directly and support activities that add value indirectly (Value Chain analysis, 2013). According to Porter and Millar, (1985, p. 154) several factors needed in analyzing how information technology might works for your organization. By identifying and ranking the ways in which information technology creates a competitive advantage, it determine the role of information technology in the business structure, and the impact it has on the business world. References Costco (2010). Why Become a Member. Retrieved from: http://www.costco.com/membership-information.html Finne, S. (2008). The retail value chain: How to gain competitive advantage through Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) strategies. Kogan Page Publishers. Gilmartin, B. (2014). Costco Earnings Preview: Superb Execution, Perennially Overvalued Mascarenhas, O. (2004). Customer value-chain involvement for co-creating customer delight. Journal of consumer marketing, 21(7), 486-496. Porter, M. E., & Millar, V. E. (1985). How information gives you competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review, 63(4), 149-160 Williamson, G. (2014). A Simple but Powerful Strategy That Can Lead To Multibaggers. Retrieved from: http://www.dailyfinance.com/2014/03/04/play-follow-the-leader Value Chain Analysis | Strategic Management Insight. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/value-chain-analysis.html

Learn About the Peripheral Nervous System

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of neurons. This system is responsible for sending, receiving, and interpreting information from all parts of the body. The nervous system monitors and coordinates internal organ function and responds to changes in the external environment. This system can be divided into two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, which function to receive, process, and send information to the PNS. The PNS consists of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and billions of sensory and motor neurons. The primary function of the peripheral nervous system is to serve as a pathway of  communication between the CNS and the rest of the body. While CNS organs have a protective covering of bone (brain-skull, spinal cord—spinal column), the nerves of the PNS are  exposed and more vulnerable to injury. Types of Cells There are two types of cells in the peripheral nervous system. These cells carry information to (sensory nervous cells) and from (motor nervous cells) the central nervous system. Cells of the sensory nervous system send information to the CNS from internal organs or from external stimuli.  Motor nervous system cells carry information from the CNS to organs, muscles, and glands. Somatic and Autonomic Systems The motor nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscle, as well as external sensory organs, such as the skin. This system is said to be voluntary because the responses can be controlled consciously. Reflex reactions of skeletal muscle, however, are an exception. These are involuntary reactions to external stimuli. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary muscles, such as smooth and cardiac muscle. This system is also called the involuntary nervous system. The autonomic nervous system can further be divided into parasympathetic, sympathetic, enteric divisions. The parasympathetic division functions to inhibit or slow down autonomic activities such as  heart rate, pupil constriction, and bladder contraction. The nerves of the sympathetic division often have an opposite effect when they are located within the same organs as parasympathetic nerves. Nerves of the sympathetic division speed up heart rate, dilate pupils and relax the bladder. The sympathetic system is also involved in the flight or fight response. This is a response to potential danger that results in accelerated heart rate and an increase in metabolic rate. The enteric division of the autonomic nervous system controls the gastrointestinal system. It is composed of two sets of neural networks located within the walls of the digestive tract. These neurons control activities such as digestive motility and blood flow within the digestive system. While the enteric nervous system can function independently, it also has connections with CNS allowing for the transfer of sensory information between the two systems. Division The peripheral nervous system is divided into the following sections: Sensory Nervous System—sends information to the CNS from internal organs or from external stimuli.Motor Nervous System—carries information from the CNS to organs, muscles, and glands.Somatic Nervous System—controls skeletal muscle as well as external sensory organs.Autonomic Nervous System—controls involuntary muscles, such as smooth and cardiac muscle.Sympathetic—controls activities that increase energy expenditures.Parasympathetic—controls activities that conserve energy expenditures.Enteric—controls digestive system activity. Connections Peripheral nervous system connections with various organs and structures of the body are established through cranial nerves and spinal nerves. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the brain that establish connections in the head and upper body, while 31 pairs of spinal nerves do the same for the rest of the body. While some cranial nerves contain only sensory neurons, most cranial nerves and all spinal nerves contain both motor and sensory neurons.

Americas Reaction to the Holocaust Essay - 991 Words

Americas Reaction to the Holocaust In the years of the Second World War, American leaders were aware of the plan of the Germans to exterminate all the Jews in Europe, yet they did not act to save them. The attitude in society and the state of the economy in the years leading up to the war made for conditions that did not make saving them likely. Most Germans despised the Weimar Republic, which held control of Germany at the time they signed the Versailles Treaty. This treaty crippled Germany after they lost The First Great War. The proud Germans saw this republic as weak. Adolph Hitler, an Austrian born man of German lineage, claimed that the only true Germans were Aryans and that the Jewish influence in the Weimar Republic†¦show more content†¦(Wyman) Even with such massive extermination the German leaders were unsatisfied and demanded a more efficient and permanent answer to the problem. The directive to exterminate all the Jews in Europe was issued on July 31, 1941. In December of that year, a law banning Jews from leaving any German territories was put into effect. Then finally, on January 20, 1942, Reinhard Heydrich came up with what was termed the final solution to the of the Jewish question. He proposed a plan to erect six camps built for killing large numbers of people. The Germans built six such camps in the two years to follow, Belzec, Majdanek, Treblinka, Sobibor, Auschwitz, and Chelmno. Chelmno was the first of the camps to be built. It used large trucks into which they crammed as many Jews as possible who choked on the trucks own exhaust fumes. Most of the other camps had permanent gas chambers, which killed by the fumes of a stationary engine. Although Auschwitz used Zyklon B, a type of hydrogen cyanide. Thes e venues of death were host to over 3 million Jews who lost their lives. (Wyman) The conditions in the camps were so terrible that they drove the poor Jews who lived through it into madness. 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Just as The Boy in the Striped Pajamas envisions the Holocaust from a child’sRead MoreThe Attack On Pearl Harbor1164 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome involved in World War II. The bombing of Pearl Harbor was a momentous moment in America’s history. World War II started when the German Nazis invaded Poland in a conquest for power and world domination. This led to a series of events resulting in a war between the â€Å"Allied Powers† (mainly Russia, Great Britain, and eventually America) against the â€Å"Axis Powers† (mainly Germany, Italy, And Japan). Prior to America’s declaration of war on Japan, Hitler’s army was swiftly gaining control over much of

Industrial Relations and Human Resources Masters Program Personal

Essays on Industrial Relations and Human Resources Master's Program Personal Statement Personal Statement Jane Lee, 47 Torsh Dr. Toronto, ON. L8Y 5K7, (905) 751-1858, 25th February, Admissions Officer, of Toronto for Industrial and Human Resource Relations, Toronto, ON. L6Y 3K2, (905) 642-2947, Dear Mr. /Miss, REF: APPLICATION FOR A MASTER’S PROGRAM I hereby write this letter to apply for a master’s program in your school. I am a female of 24 years old. I have a bachelor in psychology and accounting and financial management as well as a minor in human resource management as will be indicated in my resume. I developed a major interest in Human Resource Management during my second year when I took it as an elective. I found the course materials and the assignments to be quite intriguing and interesting. That is the period that marked my introduction to Human Resource and there is no going back. My Strategic Human Resource Planning course required that I come up with a research paper concerning current Human Resource issues. It was a requisite to outline the challenges faced by companies in relation to their coping skills and highlight our response to it. I worked in a group whereby we chose motivating employees using perks and benefits. This assignment shed more light on the significance of Human Resource as it is fundamental in handling such issues as retention, turnover, and employee satisfaction. My strengths that make me a perfect fit for this position are great time management, organization, interpersonal skills, as well as adaptation skills. Additionally, I am a perfectionist in everything I do; I can do a wonderful job of multitasking; I know how to keep up with the activities around me which helps me to stay on top of tasks at all times. Altogether, these skills make me the best in anything that I’m required to do. I simply always give it my best shot. For community service, I volunteered at HRPA Grand-Valley Chapter as part of the student mentorship program. This is a new program which was in dire need of intense promotion. I applied my human resource knowledge and deployed social networks like linkedin and facebook for this. Moreover, I made a perfect match of the mentors and mentees and so far I can attest that under my supervision everything ran smoothly. I do have short-term and long-term goals. My short-term goals are to gather extensive knowledge on recruitment which is a part of Human Resource. I intend to complete the National Knowledge Exam. This is where the program comes in as it will play a principal role in the preparation for this exam as well as application for jobs. I would like also to build a great social network with my classmates and professors which could come in handy in future. My long-term goals are to work in firms specifically in the Human Resource Department in charge of recruitment. I also intend to acquire experience and CHRP designation and be able to practice Human Resource in companies. So far, I am pleased to mention that there are no gaps in my education during my study at the University of Waterloo. Everything is up to date. I will attach my school documents for reference. I should mention that I had difficulty earlier on in establishing the right career path for myself. After my high school education I pursued a career in accounting which I later realized wasn’t exactly my field of interest. My class performance suffered as I couldn’t keep up with the lectures. I later pulled through and completed my co-op term at an accounting firm for four months. During this period I was absolutely convinced that accounting is definitely not my field of specialization. After thorough thinking I settled on Human Resource which I am glad to say has not disappointed me. I enjoy it so much more and I could see myself doing this for a long time. In addition, when my grandmother passed away last year I had to take a lot of breaks from school in order to help at home. This was a blow to my studies during that period though I did manage to get my grades back up in the long run. I do hope that my application will convince you to consider me for a chance to pursue this program as I am completely sure it is what I want to do. I have attached copies of my documents along with this letter. I look forward to your reply. Thanks in advance. Sincerely, (Signature) Jane Lee

Environmental Impact Assessment for Growth- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEnvironmental Impact Assessment for Economic Growth. Answer: Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has emerged and is considered as the part tof the main project requirement in the different countries. Though, EIA in a great way contributes to the sustainable development and with this reducing the poverty in the areas and contributing towards the growth of the individuals (Morrison-Saunders and Retief, 2012). The city Bac Lieu is in the centre of speedy urbanisation, which is motivated by the inspiring economic growth. However, the overall poverty level of the country has declined with the growth in the urban poverty rates. The majority of the resident in the area are the unregistered migrants, which are working in the informal sector (Morrison-Saunders and Retief, 2012). The individuals are living in the informal settlements having the little acess of the basic services and infrastructure and mainly in the awful living conditions. In the year 2000, the government of the Vietnam required the international donor support for addressing the chall enges of the growing urban policies, mainly advancement the communities with lower income (Morrison-Saunders and Retief, 2012). The Alliances of the city agreed in funding the detailed research studies which may contribute in designing the national urban upgrading programme. The NUUP (National Urban Upgrading Project ) and the VUUP(Vietnam Urban Upgrading Project) reflect the governments shift in regard to the more inclusive as well as the urban development model, plus new efforts and emphasis on the broad-based programmes, which have to be termed and resulted as the most sustainable ones (Murombo, 2008). The VUUP has for the society contributed vital improvements in the Vietnams urban environment. The access to the natural and the basic services like the drainage, water supply, lighting and the roads has significantly improved with the passage of time, and now at least two lakes low-income people have the access to much better kindergartens, health centres and also the primary schools (Murombo, 2008). Community Participation: The communities participated actively in the participated in the implementation and the designing of the project. The various meetings are attended and also supervised by the work related to the infrastructure upgrading in the neighbourhoods. Communities also contributed their efforts, time and with this also donated the land for the improvement of the access in the areas upgraded. From side to side strategic development, the preliminary focus areas of the eco-city expansion programme incorporated the green buildings, sustainable transportation promotion, development of the eco-tourism, environmental preservation projects and managing the economic growth of the urban areas in a reasonable manner. The project outcomes resulted in the strategic planning process to be strengthened with the involvement of the stakeholders and improving the priorities with identifying the local adaptive capacity and creating the improved opportunities for mobilising the resources required for realising th e expansion of the first eco-city as the Bac Lieu City. In the EIA process, public consultation is required for informing the public about the project and the potential issues related to the environment and to receive the input of the public related to the proposed project. The consultation was carried out in the two different rounds with the local authorities and the communities. The public consultations have the positive impact on the urban development planning. The comments related to the project will be acknowledged and specific implementation will be done to come with the effective and proper design, construction solution for ensuring quality and project progress. Management The environmental management has been since now fast and increasingly practiced as the main component refer the business plan of the operation which claims to be very much efficient, sustainable and also, on the other hand, compliant with the legislation which is particularly very evident refer the activities of the city (Bilgin, 2015). Properly implementing all kinds of the green marketing strategies and the environmental programs shall lead to a comparative better firm competitiveness and environmental performance. Practicing and Promoting of the ISO 14001 series shall increase the environmental performance (Loxton, Schirmer and Kanowski, 2013). The risk assessment includes the human health and the risk related to the ecology. The risk assessment in the planning includes the encouragement of the critical and integrated thinking related to the environmental pathways with an opportunity to focus on the activities related to the risk reduction such as pollution prevention, mitigation measures and waste minimisation. The activities to lessen the environmental damages are continuously required as well. Significant monitoring programs are started and implemented so as to reduce the relevan opportunity of having the trade partners which are acting illegally or even unethically refer the terms of the environmental plus the social complexities (Loxton, Schirmer and Kanowski, 2013). It has also been found that the evaluation, audits, assessment practices of the business partners impact the environmental performances positively. The Vietnam is an important provincial socioeconomic centre plus on the other hand also the popular site of the World Heritage. But the city is vitally facing some main challenges which are related to the fast urbanisation, economic growth, and impacts of the change in climate (Bhattacharya and Bundschuh, 2015). Further, the city is fast developing the Hoi, which is An Eco-city Programme of development at the end of the year 2030. The UN-Habitat is continuously working in order to facilitate the strict implementation of the Hoi Ans eco-city targets much within the proper framework of the Quang Nam Development and the Provincial Strategy. In the tandem, a change in the climate adaptability and the vulnerability assessment has been integrated and conducted into the complete eco-city planning network (Bhattacharya and Bundschuh, 2015). It gives out an assessment; refer the potential impacts of the atmospheric change at the various geographical areas, sectors and the population groups. By the consultation process and the strategic planning, the first and foremost focus areas of such a kind of the eco-city programme for development involves and includes the promoting sustainable transportation, green building, the developing of the eco-tourism plus the environmental preservation strategies and at last managing the urban economic progress in a manner which is very equitable (Narayanan, 2013). The final result or the outcome of the project is that main capacity of so many stakeholders concerned are connected to the strategic planning process with the passage of time has strengthened, and the priorities in further improving the local adaptive capacity carefully has been finding out, so creating many comparative and better opportunities in order to mobilise the resources needed to realise the overall growth and development of the Vietnams 1st eco-city (Noble, 2000). Impact The concerned project has (i) given clear access to the upgraded and the expanded urban environmental infrastructure refers the local population in the area of the project; enhanced the participation of the local community with more ratio of the poor and women, refer the management and the planning of the urban services; increase the public health matters awareness; and increase the appropriate role of the women in the institutions and the urban management (Noble, 2000). All of the PMUs (Project Manangemet Unit) reports developed the environmental cleanliness and the sanitation, decreased the incidents of the clear and open defecation, plus the willingness to attach to the sewerage and the drainage system, also pay the fees for the solid waste collection. The local government societies and agencies are very much aware of the requirement of the environmental sanitation interventions, which are also clearly mentioned in the socioeconomic policies (Pinelli and Maiolini, 2016). As per th e PCU (Passenger car Units) report, the concerned project has very clearly and successfully reduced plus eliminated the potential adverse resettlement and environmental impacts. The project concerning staff or the authorities has acquired the land and further compensated all of the people, thus affected in respect to the ADB (Asian Development Bank) guidelines and the already approved plans for resettlement (Pinelli and Maiolini, 2016). A comprehensive 239 affected households have been again settled; the people who have been affected being completely satisfied with the local market rate compensation given, that also included the on time provision of the serviced plots of living or the residential plots. The resettlement committee compensation payments at that time were made in such a manner that it was convenient to refer the concerned and the affected households (Saarikoski, 2000). The resettlement sites were given the basic kind of the infrastructure, including water supply connec tions, roads, electricity, and the drainage systems. Refer to the report of the Resettlement Impacts Assessment, the standard of living of the affected humans in the resettlement sites was very much equal to or even at times exceed the standards answer set by the pre-projects. Such kinds of the resettlement plans also were unable to recognise and identify any special type of the vulnerable groups. Negative Impact Even after the positive impact which was a result of this subproject, the overall construction of the proposed investments may result in causing adverse effects on the humans concerned to the project area that also included the ethnic minorities. The adverse impacts denote the potential impacts on the customary rights to access and use the natural resources and land; adverse effects on the socioeconomic and cultural integrity; effects on health, education, livelihood, access to the project benefits, and social security status; and other effects which may change and also undermine the customary institutions and the indigenous knowledge (Saarikoski, 2000). Some special and specific adverse impacts from the proper implementation of the project at the people refer the project area do include: main impacts at the income of the people plus their usual living conditions because of the resettlement and the land acquisition; temporary effects on the small businesses during the period of const ruction; some important risks of the social problems related to health such as HIV/AIDS, infectious diseases, drug use, violence, environmental pollution) because of the presence of an outside workers at the time of the construction; enhanced risks of inundation with particular upgraded lanes in LIAs (Lower Income Areas) that are much higher than the houses bordering these ones (Uzzell, Pol and Badenas, 2002). Sustainability: The project sustainability is to be rated likely. The desired OM program was organised for the financed facilities related to the project (Uzzell, Pol and Badenas, 2002). At times during the completion of the project, Urenco gained the considerable experience in managing and operating the drainage, sanitation, and systems related to the collection of the solid waste with this the capacity of the programme is enhanced through the strengthening of the institution and the capacity programme that are provided at the time of implementation of the project (Uzzell, Pol and Badenas, 2002). The Decrees 88 and 59 approved by the government, which enables URENCOs and local governments for raising the tariffs for recovering the cost of the solid waste and wastewater, which is believed to cover the expenditures of the operating system (Uzzell, Pol and Badenas, 2002). A comprehensive and complete road map refers the tariff enhancement was approved, that allows a smooth and gradual tariff enhancement of around 10% each year until the OM (Operation and Maintenence) costs were completely recovered; any kind of shortfall in the operating expenditures earlier to the full cost recovery shall be then financed by the city and provincial budgets. The financial sustainability is also to a greater extent dependent on the ability of the URENCOs to further generate enough revenues plus the lower OM expenditures (Uzzell, Pol and Badenas, 2002). Conclusion Expected impact as a result of the outcome of the project was to carefully improve the basic quality refer the living and the health of the residents of the urban area and also on the other hand to reduce the poverty in the areas of the 6 project towns, it also concentrated on to promote the balanced and the regional economic enhancement plus on the other hand also lessen the migration from Ho Chi Minh City and the central region to Hanoi (Attia, Boubetra and Saoud, 2014). The outcome or the result of the project was to significantly improve the urban environmental situations and conditions refer the project towns. The concerned project outcome and outputs do include in itself the following; increasing and also, on the other hand, upgrading the environmental infrastructure of the urban area; improving the managerial, autonomy and the technical capacity of the environmental companies based on the urban areas; improving planning and the management capacity of the urban areas and also t he (CPC) which stands for the city peoples committees enhancing the community participation refer the managing and planning of the urban services etc (Attia, Boubetra and Saoud, 2014). At an early stage, this approach was delayed because of many factors, but the stakeholders have then since long carefully focused on the outcomes and the results which came out. The positive experiences which came out from the pilot investment projects gave up no complete guarantee for the large-scale concerns or the applications. But otherwise they at least provided some serious arguments for the matter of discussions, and such an approach, later on, proved to be much more comparatively suitable to protect the basic interests of the societies of the poor refer their confrontation to many authorities. References Attia, S., Boubetra, A. and Saoud, M. (2014). Decision Making Issues Related to Critical Infrastructures Interdependencies Management.Journal of Advances in Computer Networks, 2(1), pp.1-5. Bhattacharya, P. and Bundschuh, J. (2015). Groundwater for sustainable development cross cutting the UN sustainable development goals editorial.Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 1(1-2), pp.155-157. Bilgin, A. (2015). Analysis of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive and the EIA decision in Turkey.Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 53, pp.40-51. Loxton, E., Schirmer, J. and Kanowski, P. (2013). Designing, implementing and monitoring social impact mitigation strategies: Lessons from Forest Industry Structural Adjustment Packages.Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 42, pp.105-115. Morrison-Saunders, A. and Retief, F. (2012). Walking the sustainability assessment talk Progressing the practice of environmental impact assessment (EIA).Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 36, pp.34-41. Murombo, T. (2008). Beyond Public Particpation: The disjuncture between South Africa's Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Law and Sustainable Development.Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad, 11(3). Narayanan, Y. (2013). Religion and Sustainable Development: Analysing the Connections.Sustainable Development, 21(2), pp.131-139. Noble, B. (2000). Strengthening EIA through adaptive management.Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 20(1), pp.97-111. Pinelli, M. and Maiolini, R. (2016). Strategies for Sustainable Development: Organizational Motivations, Stakeholders' Expectations and Sustainability Agendas.Sustainable Development. Saarikoski, H. (2000). Environmental impact assessment (EIA) as collaborative learning process.Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 20(6), pp.681-700. Uzzell, D., Pol, E. and Badenas, D. (2002). Place Identification, Social Cohesion, and Enviornmental Sustainability.Environment and Behavior, 34(1), pp.26-53.